Jumping into the frigid waters of Coney Island in January for a pun on "I'm freezing... your rent". Visiting food trucks to discuss how city permitting processes have led to "Halalflation". Walking the length of Manhattan to show New Yorkers they "deserve a mayor that they can see, they can hear, they can even yell at".

Those social media videos helped propel Zohran Mamdani and his left-wing policies to a surprise win in New York City's mayoral primary, and then to victory in the November election.

The democratic socialist, 34, engaged New Yorkers - particularly young voters who spend much of their time "doom-scrolling" – by using social media to build an image of someone who is authentic and joyful, experts told the BBC.

Now, after he was sworn in as mayor on 1 January, his next challenge will be keeping those same supporters engaged and maintaining the momentum in office.

After becoming the first New York mayor to take the oath of office with his hand on a Quran, Mamdani told thousands gathered to watch his inauguration ceremony in freezing weather that he would represent everyone in the city.

"I do not stand alone. I stand alongside you," he said, adding: "I promise you this: If you are a New Yorker, I am your mayor."

About three-quarters of New York City voters under the age of 30 voted for Mamdani, according to an Associated Press voter poll.

Mamdani's robust social media strategy engaged these voters by delivering an image of a political candidate that young people - frustrated with older, more established candidates - craved, Jane Hall, a communications professor at American University who studies politics and the media, told the BBC after Mamdani's election victory.

A candidate does not have to be young to connect with young voters, Hall said, "but I think you have to be seen as being authentic and speaking to what people care about in a way that is hip and makes people want to be on the bandwagon".

Jack Bratich, a journalism professor at Rutgers University who studies political culture and social media, said Mamdani had shown he is able to combine a lightheartedness with serious conversations.

That sense of fun stands in contrast to some of the negativity that President Donald Trump has leaned into on social media, Jennifer Stromer-Galley, who teaches communications, political science, and rhetorical studies at Syracuse University, told the BBC.

Despite an unexpectedly friendly first meeting in November between the two politicians, where they said they agreed on a number of issues facing New York City, such as the affordability crisis, the pair locked horns during the mayoral race.

Trump painted Mamdani as an extremist "lunatic", threatened to withhold federal funding from the city if Mamdani won, and said he would have him arrested if he stood in the way of immigration enforcement operations.

On election night, Mamdani snapped back in his victory speech, telling the president "to get to any of us, you will have to get through all of us".

That comment prompted a raucous cheer from his supporters at the time, but experts say the reality of governing may mean engaging with the Trump administration in a pragmatic way. That warm meeting in November may have been an early sign that Mamdani is willing to do so.

How he works with the White House - and the kind of relationship he cultivates with the president - could prove crucial for implementing his agenda.

While it may be easy to promise "fast, sweeping change" in campaign videos, things become much more difficult when it comes to actually "governing under a hostile administration", said Ioana Literat, a Columbia University communications professor who studies youth online political socialisation.

"If his [social media] content doesn't reckon honestly with those constraints, the same young people who made him go viral can just as quickly turn that energy into disillusionment or backlash," she said.