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Hypertension in pregnancy is a growing but often overlooked maternal health issue in Ghana.
Despite its serious risks, many expectant mothers do not recognise the warning signs until complications arise.
Health professionals warn that if not properly managed, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can lead to life-threatening conditions for both mother and baby.
Hypertension in pregnancy is high blood pressure that develops during pregnancy and can pose risks to both the mother and baby. It can occur before pregnancy, during or after childbirth.
Eric Amoh, a Public Health Nurse at the Akwapim South Health Directorate, explains that pregnancy-induced hypertension typically begins after 20 weeks of gestation.
“If it starts before 20 weeks, then we suspect an underlying condition,” he says.
Certain groups of women face a higher risk. Teenage pregnancy, first-time pregnancies, multiple pregnancies, and women over 40 years old are more likely to develop hypertension in pregnancy. A family history of hypertension also increases the risk,” Mr Amoh adds.
If hypertension is not detected early and managed properly, it can progress into pre-eclampsia—a severe condition characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine.
Left untreated, this can escalate into eclampsia, where the mother experiences seizures that can be fatal.
“The most frightening cases are the ones where women ignore symptoms until it’s too late,” Mr Amoh recounts.
“I once treated a pregnant woman who assumed her swollen feet meant she was carrying twins.
By the time she came in for care, her blood pressure was dangerously high, and she had to undergo an emergency procedure.”
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can also cause complications for the baby, including preterm birth, low birth weight and stillbirth.
Health professionals agree that addressing hypertension in pregnancy requires both medical intervention and social support.
“Significant others such as husbands and in-laws play a huge role in maternal health decisions,” Mr Amoh notes. “When they support regular check-ups and lifestyle adjustments, outcomes improve.”
Additionally, community health initiatives and media campaigns can help break cultural misconceptions that prevent women from seeking timely care.
According to health advocate Naana Agyare, education on the warning signs of hypertension in pregnancy is crucial.
“Many women mistake early symptoms for common pregnancy discomforts and delay seeking medical attention,” she says.
Some warning signs include severe headaches, swelling of the hands, face, and feet, vision changes such as blurred vision or seeing spots, persistent upper abdominal pain, sudden weight gain in a short period and shortness of breath.
“Any of these signs warrants immediate medical attention.
The sooner it’s managed, the better the outcome for both mother and baby,” Ms. Agyare advises.
While pregnancy-induced hypertension is influenced by physiological changes, certain lifestyle modifications can help reduce risks.
Ms Agyare emphasises the importance of regular antenatal care.
“Many women skip check-ups due to work, financial constraints or cultural beliefs.
But these visits are essential for early detection and management,” she says.
She also highlights the role of moderate exercise.
Pregnant women should engage in safe physical activities like walking and stretching.
Staying active improves circulation and helps regulate blood pressure.”
Diet also plays a role, though its impact on pregnancy-induced hypertension is more complex.
“While some cases aren’t directly related to diet, maintaining a balanced intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while reducing salt intake can contribute to better overall health,” she adds.
For 32-year-old Abena Asare, a first-time mother, she reveals that hypertension in pregnancy was a frightening reality.
“At my 24-week check-up, my blood pressure was dangerously high. I had no symptoms, so I didn’t even realise something was wrong,” she shares.
Doctors placed her on medication and advised her to modify her lifestyle.
“I had to rest more, eat healthier, and monitor my blood pressure daily. It was stressful, but I’m grateful I caught it early,” she says.
Her experience highlights the need for awareness and routine check-ups.
“I want other women to know that hypertension in pregnancy is serious, but with the right care, it can be managed.”
Hypertension in pregnancy remains a silent but dangerous threat in Ghana.
Increased education, early detection, and better access to maternal health care can save lives.
As Mr Amoh puts it, “No mother should lose her life to a condition that can be managed with the right care.”
By recognising the risks, taking preventive measures and encouraging antenatal visits, Ghana can reduce the burden of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and ensure safer births for both mothers and their babies.
