French oil and gas supermajor TotalEnergies announced in May that the company intends to invest $600 million in the Republic of Congo (ROC) before 2024 is out. The funding will support exploration and improve production in the deep offshore Moho Nord field, which currently produces at a rate of 140,000 barrels per day (bpd), accounting for roughly half of all Congolese oil production. With their added capital, TotalEnergies expects to increase this rate by 40,000 bpd — a welcome boost that will undoubtedly help the ROC get closer to its goal of doubling its total daily rate to 500,000 bpd.

In addition to their operations in the Moho Nord field, TotalEnergies also holds the ROC’s Marine XX permit. The site recently welcomed the arrival of two drilling rigs that TotalEnergies is confident will facilitate new discoveries, which the company also anticipates before the end of the year.

TotalEnergies, of course, has a significant presence on the continent, with a diverse portfolio built over 80 years. Still, this new commitment in Moho Nord is but one of many developments that reflect international confidence in the Congolese hydrocarbon sector and offer justification for the ROC to serve as a model for other African nations to follow.

Getting Out Ahead

The ROC’s burgeoning oil and gas success story stems from a recognition of and a willingness to act on multi-faceted opportunities.

A nation with proven reserves of 1.8 billion barrels (bbl) of oil and 284 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas, the ROC has not fallen victim to the stagnation of red tape and endless deliberation that have plagued other African nations. Instead, the ROC set out to create an enabling business environment within its borders that would attract and retain foreign investment.

Helmed by Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua, the Congolese minister of hydrocarbons, the ROC’s efforts to reinvigorate its hydrocarbon sector have been open and inclusive, incorporating numerous global partnerships and multiple focal points across the industry spectrum.

During remarks at the Invest in African Energy 2024 forum in Paris, Itoua confirmed the ROC’s formation of a gas master plan and a comprehensive gas code. The government will also establish a national gas company in the third quarter of 2024. 

Itoua explained how, going forward, the ROC will steer gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) primarily toward their local market with any excess reserved for export to the sub-region to tend to Africa’s energy needs first rather than Europe’s.

He also addressed the importance of public-private cooperation in relation to achieving his ministry’s goals of increasing production by 60% in the next two years while working toward alleviating energy poverty and funding the energy transition.

“Maybe 95% of investment in the oil sector in the Congo comes from the IOCs (international oil companies),” Itoua said. “Our responsibility [as the government] is to create the best business environment, best legal network, and best facilities to attract investors and partners interested in building solutions with us.”

Itoua’s outlook, which reflects his government’s approach to revitalizing the ROC’s hydrocarbon sector, is key to understanding how this small nation is writing its own very big energy success story.

During the leadup to Itoua’s announcement of a new gas master plan, thanks to the existing enabling environment in the ROC, both investor confidence and exploration and production activities were already on the rise.

Upstream and Downstream Projects

As a component of the ROC’s initiative to double its total hydrocarbon output, Pointe-Noire-based oil and gas service Trident OGX Congo commenced its seven-year project to increase production through hydraulic fracturing in the Mengo-Kundji-Bindi II oil fields. With $300 million in financing from the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) kickstarting the program, operators expect the facility to eventually attract $1.5 billion in investments, create new jobs, provide an economic boost to the region, and increase the ROC’s total oil production level by 30%.

Anglo-French oil and gas company Perenco has been active offshore, acquiring 3D seismic data ahead of its exploration schedule planned for the Tchibouela II, Tchendo II, Marine XXVIII, and Emeraude permits the company holds.

Also a testament to the ease of doing business under current ROC leadership, Trident Energy — the London-based international oil and gas company committed to redeveloping mid-life assets — announced in April of this year that it had inked deals with both Chevron and TotalEnergies to acquire interest in ROC fields. Upon final approval, which is expected before the close of Q4 2024, the arrangements will see Trident Energy with an 85% working interest in the Nkossa and Nsoko II fields, a 15.75% working interest in the Lianzi field, and operational control of all three. Trident Energy will also have a 21.5% working interest in the ultra-deepwater Moho–Bilondo field which TotalEnergies will continue to operate.

Commenting on the agreement, Trident Energy Chief Executive Officer Jean-Michel Jacoulot said, “The transaction aligns with our strategy to acquire and operate high quality assets in a safe, efficient and responsible manner.

“Building on our continued successes in Equatorial Guinea and Brazil, we are excited to unlock further value and create opportunities for our partners in the Republic of Congo, host communities and all our stakeholders.”

The ROC also has sought to enhance its refining capabilities, offering potential investors the opportunity to support upgrades to its Congolaise de Raffinage refinery, which currently operates at a rate of 600,000 tons per year.

Construction of an additional refinery, the Atlantique Pétrochimie in Fouta just south of Pointe-Noire, is expected to begin in 2024. With financial backing from the Chinese company Beijing Fortune Dingheng Investment, the refinery will process 2.5 million tons of hydrocarbon products per year, including gasoline and diesel, as well as LPG, kerosene and fuel oil, and raw materials like propylene, propane, hydrogen naphtha, and sulfuric acid.

Turning Up the Gas

With existing natural gas production either stable or in decline over the past decade, another primary drive for the ROC in 2024 is to expand and monetize production with sights on becoming a global LNG exporter in short order.

The ROC sent its first export of LNG to Italy in February 2024 from the first of the two Tango floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facilities located 3 kilometers offshore at the Marine XII concession. The Tango FLNG operation is a partnership with Italian multinational energy company Eni with an expected capacity of 4.5 bcm per year once construction of the second FLNG facility wraps up in 2025.

On May 21, 2024, in Brazzaville, Itoua and Algerian Minister of Energy and Mines Mohamed Arkab signed a memorandum of understanding between the two countries covering future cooperation between Algeria’s state-owned oil company, Sonatrach, and Congolese national oil company Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo (SNPC). Though the memorandum concerns the ROC’s entire hydrocarbon sector, it highlights knowledge-sharing for industry development in LNG, LPG, and petrochemicals as well as carbon footprint reduction.

An associated gas production project at the onshore Banga Kayo block seeks to harness previously flared gas resources for LNG, butane, and propane production for domestic use and regional export in contribution to the ROC’s gas monetization goals.

The conventional oilfield at Banga Kayo, operated by China’s Wing Wah Oil Company, consists of approximately 250 wells currently producing 45,000 bpd with an expected peak of 80,000 bpd. The April 2024 signing of an amended production sharing contract (PSC) between Wing Wah and SNPC that will govern the project marked the start of development for its first phase which aims for a production capacity of one million cubic meters per day (mcm/d). Two subsequent phases slated for March and December of 2025 will up the site’s production to five mcm/d.

The Banga Kayo project design incorporates power generation and environmentally friendly water treatment for each unit of the facility, with provisions of excess power and clean water sources for the surrounding communities. The workforce at the site, currently over 3,000 members strong, is also majority Congolese. By promoting efficiency, scalability, reduced emissions, and local benefits, the Banga Kayo project exemplifies the best approach for maximizing production and progress in the ROC and elsewhere in Africa.

With the assurance of a concrete gas master plan and gas code nearing finalization, promising developments like these are certain to multiply and increase in frequency and substance in the days ahead.

Betting on a Winner

By seeking and securing mutually beneficial relationships with international oil companies of varying sizes, both in and out of Africa, and by working towards defined goals, the ROC will ensure that it remains engaged in sustainable development and on a path toward economic growth.

The ROC’s enabling hydrocarbon policies attract sizeable foreign investment and offer a profitable working environment for operators of any size that is free from the paralyzing delays they often encounter in other countries.

By continuing in this fashion, in the years to come, the ROC will likely enjoy economic benefits widespread throughout its population, and it will surely find itself where it wants to be — in its rightful place alongside the other major energy exporters of the future.

The process by which it got there will also likely serve as a valuable template for other nations seeking to convert their natural wealth into long-term prosperity.