Zambia's tax authority says a prominent mining company has used a scam over a five year period to avoid paying $8bn (£5bn) worth of tax.
It did not name the company which it said had passed off its imports as mining machinery, which is tax exempt.
It is not clear what the imports were but they must have been worth at least $30bn to generate such a large tax bill.
Dozens of mining companies operate in Zambia which is Africa's second largest copper producer.
The authorities say they plan to conduct audits on all mining companies going back over the last six financial years.