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When Bob Marley took to the stage in front of 8,000 people in the Cologne sports hall in June 1980, he was already struggling with the cancer that would eventually take his life. But he remained as charismatic as ever, captivating the audience as he sang "Redemption Song" and other favorite tunes.
Less than a year later, on May 11, 1981, Bob Marley died of complications related to melanoma. He would have turned 80 on February 6, 2025.
Marley brought reggae and its messages to the world. He helped make the genre so famous that it was even added to UNESCO's list of intangible Cultural Heritage.
Indeed, Marley's songs will probably be playing in reggae bars in seemingly every corner of the world even now. The legacy of the beloved Jamaican singer was also celebrated in the 2024 movie "Bob Marley: One Love," based on his life. The political and spiritual messages of his songs are just as pertinent in light of the social turmoils of today.
Kingsley Ben-Adir played the titular role in the biopic 'Bob Marley: One Love'Image: Chiabella James
Reggae has been undeniably influenced by Rastafari, the religion and political movement Bob Marley began to explore when he was 22 years old. The relatively new religion developed in Jamaica when Haile Selassie I was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia on November 2, 1930. A few years earlier, Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey had predicted the coronation of a powerful black king in Africa who would bring black liberation.
The Rastafari movement takes its name from Selassie's original name, Ras Tafari Makonnen. "Ras" means "prince" in Amharic, which is spoken in Ethiopia. Most believers saw Selassie as the second coming of Jesus Christ . Much of the Rastafarian faith is based on the Bible. Referencing the New Testament book of Revelation, Rastafarians await their return to Zion, the symbolic name for Africa used in the Bible. Tenets of the religion include living a life as close to nature as possible, and espousing the principles of love and peace, justice, unity and equality.
Rastafari opposes all forms of political, cultural and religious subjugation of people and is a worldwide movement with followers of all races. Today, an estimated 700,000 to one million people practice the religion.
Contrary to popular belief, smoking marijuana is not necessarily part of the Rastafarian religion, although many espouse it as a way to expand consciousness.
Bob Marley in July 1973Image: Michael Putland/Avalon/Retna/picture alliance
Bob Marley, who is considered the first international superstar from a country in the so-called Global South, also made reggae, the music of the Rastafarians, famous around the globe.
Reggae music originated in Jamaica in the 1960s. Its focus on social justice, as well as Rastafarian spiritual themes, also resonated with other popular folk music around the world at the time, such as folk rock in the US. Reggae took inspirations from existing genres like mento, ska, soul and rocksteady.
In fact, when Bob Marley and the Wailers came together in 1963, they initially performed ska and dancehall tunes. Yet they eventually turned to reggae, and in 1973 they released their album "Catch a Fire" worldwide.
The up-stroke rhythm guitar and hypnotic bass lines turned out to be ideal for spreading positive messages of peace and love. When Eric Clapton covered "I Shot the Sheriff" in 1974, Bob Marley and the Wailers were put squarely in the international spotlight.
Bob Marley performing in Paris in July 1980Image: Langevin/AP/ Photo/picture alliance
Rastafarian spirituality is a reccurring theme in Bob Marley's songs. But while his lyrics include religious references, they also depict the real-world struggles of discriminated minorities, and the history of slavery and injustice. It's no surprise many of his songs have become associated with resistance and the fight against oppression around the globe.
"Get Up, Stand Up" was written after Bob Marley visited Haiti and was shocked by the poverty of the people living there under the Duvalier dictatorship (1957-1986). The lyrics call on people to fight for their rights and trust their own judgment. "Get Up, Stand Up" is considered the unofficial anthem of the NGO Amnesty International.
In the 1979 song "Zimbabwe," Marley calls on Africans to liberate Zimbabwe, which had been under British colonial rule. Marley played the song live at Zimbabwe's independence celebrations in 1980 and it became the country's unofficial national anthem.
Marley remains an important cultural figure for many people around the worldImage: Ipol Kwame Brathwaite/dpa/picture alliance
One of Bob Marley's most-famous tracks, "Redemption Song," was a drastic stylistic departure from many of his previous tunes, leading many to wonder if he knew it would be the last song he released before his death — a kind of farewell message to the world. In it, he quotes the Rasta prophet Marcus Garvey, who said in a speech in 1937: "Emancipate yourself from mental slavery, none but ourselves can free our mind."
And indeed, Marley and his legacy live on and continue to give hope to people around the world.
