The report, titled _The perceived impact of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment on business performance in South Africa_, surveyed over 500 managers to gauge the real-world impact of transformation policies. The consensus is clear: while the spirit of economic inclusion is broadly accepted and endorsed by South African business leaders, the current ‘tick-box’ mode of implementation is failing to deliver genuine economic justice.

 ‘The democratic dividend of 1994 was not a moment of complete transformation, but only the beginning of real change, which was meant to be accompanied by clear commitment to creating a new economic landscape of which B-BBEE was a core component,’ says Monde Ndlovu, MD of the Black Management Forum. ‘Nevertheless, it is clear that this vital policy may not be working as well as we need it to.’

 ‘B-BBEE legislation was established with a specific and critically important objective of economic transformation and redress in mind, and this research is offered to inform democratic debate as to whether it is still fit for purpose, and if so, how to improve it,’ adds Jon Foster-Pedley, Associate Pro Vice-Chancellor at the University of Reading and Dean of Henley Business School Africa.

 ‘We aim to provide vital data points to ensure we can target effective reforms to the policy, finding impacts that benefit both business and the common good.’
 The implementation gap: What the data shows. The study, which included both quantitative surveys and in-depth qualitative interviews, reveals that while managers generally accept the principle of transformation and recognise its strengths in expanding opportunities and diversifying leadership, they are deeply sceptical of its current execution and impact on business performance. The sample was diverse, with 44.0% of respondents employed by small or micro-enterprises (revenue under R10 million), followed by medium-sized businesses (30.0%) and large businesses (26.0%). Geographically, the majority were based in Gauteng (40.6%) and the Western Cape (29.0%).

 Key findings include:

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Low perceptions: Across all measures of business performance, perceptions fell below the neutral midpoint. B-BEE was perceived to have the most positive impact on sales and access to markets (2.82) and on human development and staff morale (2.65).
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Structural failures: Respondents pointed to implementation failures, including corruption, fronting, and high compliance burdens, as major obstacles.
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Due diligence deficit: A major factor identified was inadequate due diligence during implementation and tender processes, leading to insufficient verification of companies’ claims and skills.

 Crucially, the data show that perceptions were significantly more positive in highly compliant firms and among historically disadvantaged managers, suggesting that people’s location in the economy strongly shapes how they see the policy, and that B-BBEE works best where it has been successfully implemented.
 ‘The evidence from this report suggests that B-BBEE works best where it is implemented with genuine intent, rather than as a compliance burden,’ comments Foster-Pedley.

 Moving from compliance to impact
 The report outlines a clear path to move B-BBEE from compliance to impact, driven by the insights of the managers on the frontlines of implementation. Participants emphasised that responsibility for progress does not rest solely with government; businesses and their leaders play a critical role in redefining the narrative. Key recommendations

include:

Increased due diligence for state tenders: Rigorously vetting companies to verify resources and capabilities, ensuring companies possess the actual resources and capabilities to honour contractual obligations.

Skills development and support: Participants emphasised the need for more accessible training in finance, governance, and business skills, particularly for small enterprises.

Shared responsibility and collaboration: Business leaders can actively promote awareness, defining employee roles in transformation strategies.
The report also recommends regular multi-stakeholder sessions between government and business to ensure B-BBEE is viewed not as a threat, but as a pathway to enhanced performance.

Strengthened governance: The government can improve reporting mechanisms and take decisive action against offenders to cultivate greater public trust in the system.

 The report concludes that while opinions on B-BBEE's effectiveness are divided, its findings suggest that the spirit of the policy – to de-racialise the economy – remains vital.
 ‘B-BBEE and affirmative action are the firstborn children of ubuntu in the economy, which is the unique philosophical grounding that seeks to embrace and see the humanity in us all. Without B-BBEE, we will miss the core of humanity, and it is time that we correct the perceptions around it,’ says Ndlovu.
 Download the full research report here: <link>