An unassuming patch of red dirt in remote Australia has made history as the site of Nasa's first rocket launch from a commercial spaceport outside the US.

The sub-orbital rocket blasted off from the tiny site early on Monday local time.

It will enable astrophysics studies that can only be undertaken in the Southern Hemisphere, Nasa says.

The launch was also the first in Australia in more than 25 years.

The rocket is Nasa's first of three to blast off from the newly constructed Arnhem Space Centre on the edge of the Northern Territory.

Scientists hope it will help them study the impact of a star's light on the habitability of nearby planets.

Onlookers who travelled to the remote site glimpsed the rocket for only about 10 seconds before it shot out of view.

"It was in the blink of an eye, but to me, it was like it was in slow motion because the whole area just lit up," Yirrkala School co-principal Merrkiyawuy Ganambarr-Stubbs told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

"It went up, and then the sound, it was just like a rumbling boom, like nothing I've ever heard. And I just shook with amazement."

The sounding rocket's tenure in space was similarly short - the 13m-long projectile fell back to Earth after a planned 15 minutes.

But the data gathered by the mission's X-ray camera in that time will help illuminate the secrets of Alpha Centauri A and B, the closest double-star system to Earth that is located just 4.3 light-years away.

Northern Territory Chief Minister Natasha Fyles hailed the launch as an "extremely proud" moment for Australia, adding it was conducted with the blessing of the region's Aboriginal traditional owners.

"Here on Yolngu land, young Territorians can look up at the sky and know what can be done," Ms Fyles said.

"When we see the oldest living culture combining with the science of space, as we have here, it's something we can all reflect on and be very proud."

Australia has stepped up its space efforts in recent times, unveiling a defence agency focused on countering Russia and China's ambitions in space.

The Arnhem Space Centre is the first and only commercially owned and run equatorial launch site in the world.

"We have achieved a remarkable feat and made a huge mark in the history of Australia's journey in space," Mr Jones said in a statement.

"[It] confirms that we and Australia can provide access to space and this is just the beginning for us."

The next launch is expected to take place on 4 July.

Nasa has pledged to collect all material and debris and return them to the US.