Vaccination programmes are now underway in Africa, bolstered by the international Covax initiative to help poorer countries access supplies.

Some countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe have their own independent vaccination programmes, but there's a growing list of nations now benefitting from Covax-provided vaccines.
How are African countries getting vaccines?

Deliveries of vaccine supplies under the Covax programme started in February, and most countries in Africa have signed up.

The programme aims to distribute an initial half million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine worldwide, with the aim of supplying two billion vaccines by the end of 2021.

Of this total, the UN's World Health Organization (WHO) says 600 million doses will be for Africa, enough to vaccinate at least 20% of the population.

However, there are a handful of African countries not taking part in Covax for various reasons.

Tanzania and Madagascar have said they have no plans to acquire vaccines, and Burundi says that at the moment, they don't need vaccines.

And some nations have sourced vaccines outside the Covax scheme.

They've done so through direct purchases from manufacturers, or as donations from countries such as China, Russia, India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Globally, there've been calls for developed nations to ensure that poorer countries are not left behind in the push to vaccinate against Covid-19.

France's President Emmanuel Macron recently proposed that rich countries in Europe and the US share their extra vaccines with Africa.

He says he wants these doses be made available quickly for African countries.

Africa as a whole remains way behind other parts of the world in terms of vaccine doses administered.

By the end of February, the UK had given out more than 31 doses per 100 people, the US more than 22, Asia just over two and Africa less than 0.3, according to statistics compiled by Our World in Data.
Is it enough?

John Nkengasong, head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), says the vaccines provided "will not get the pandemic out" of the continent.

He says African countries will eventually need to vaccinate at least 60% of their populations, with his target for this year being 35%.

There's also an African Union plan to pool supply arrangements on behalf of all 55 countries in the continent.

Africa's leading mobile network provider, MTN, has made a donation of $25m (£17.8m) to this plan to secure about seven million doses of the Covid-19 vaccine for the continent's health workers.

The CDC says an initial one million doses acquired through the MTN arrangement will be shipped to about 20 African countries by the end of February.

It's not known yet which countries will receive these.
What's happened to vaccinations in South Africa?

South Africa, the worst affected country on the continent, delayed an initial vaccination plan using the AstraZeneca vaccine due to concerns about its efficacy against a new variant of coronavirus.

It started vaccinating on 17 February after receiving 80,000 doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, which is administered as a single dose and has been shown to be effective against the variant.

Pfizer has also committed to supply 20 million vaccine doses, with deliveries expected by the end of March.

South Africa has offered the one million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine it ordered from the Indian supplier to the African Union, to distribute to other countries which might be interested in using it.